Accueil > 20- ENGLISH - MATERIAL AND REVOLUTION > Chronology of revolts, revolutions and counter-revolutions in the world

Chronology of revolts, revolutions and counter-revolutions in the world

jeudi 10 juillet 2025, par Robert Paris

Warning : there are certainly many omissions and we are counting on our readers to help us complete these ephemeris.

We are in the midst of a wave of revolts, revolutions and counter-revolutions and these ephemerides are therefore very topical.

Read also :

International revolutionary waves

http://www.matierevolution.fr/spip.php?article5347

The international wave of social revolution

http://www.matierevolution.fr/spip.php?article3659

World Timeline of Social Revolution

https://www.matierevolution.fr/spip.php?article6209

Revolutions before the World Wars

https://www.matierevolution.fr/spip.php?article7221
January

• 1st

Belgium – January 1, 1787 – Brabant (Belgian) Revolution against Austrian rule. It ended on December 3, 1790.

Haiti - January 1, 1804 - Proclamation of the independence of the slave republic of Haiti by Dessalines

Italy – January 1, 1848 – Riots in Milan which began the “Spring of Nations” in Europe.

China – January 1, 1912 - Proclamation of the Republic by Sun Yat Sen

• 2

Kazakhstan – January 2, 2022 – Start of the Kazakh revolution

• 3

Algeria – January 3, 2011 – Revolt as part of the “Arab Spring”

• 4

Congo – January 4, 1959 – Anti-colonial riots in Leopoldville

• 5

Germany – January 5, 1919 – Spartacist Revolution in Berlin. It lasts until January 12 and is bloodily crushed.

• 6

Germany – January 6, 1919 – Spartacist Revolution in Berlin.

• 7

Germany – January 7, 1919 – Spartacist Revolution in Berlin.

Iran – January 7, 1978 – Start of the Iranian Revolution (first demonstration in Qom)

• 8

Germany – January 8, 1919 – Spartacist Revolution in Berlin.

Rwanda – January 8, 1990 - Mass demonstration in Kigali against the dictatorship, a social and democratic revolt without any ethnic character

• 9

Germany – January 9, 1919 – Spartacist Revolution in Berlin.

• 10

Germany – January 10, 1919 – Spartacist Revolution in Berlin.

• 11

China – January 11, 1851 - Taiping Rebellion until 1864

Germany – January 11, 1919 – Spartacist Revolution in Berlin.

• 12

Italy – January 12, 1848 - As part of the "Spring of Nations" in Europe, Palermo revolts against the Bourbons and reestablishes the Constitution of 1812. The Sicilian independence revolution begins.

Germany – January 12, 1919 – Crushing of the Spartacist revolution by the social democracy, the Freikorps and the military general staff

• 13

Germany – January 13, 1919 – The captured revolutionaries are summarily eliminated.

• 14

Finland – January 14, 1918 - Reds take power in Helsingfors

Tunisia – January 14, 2011 – Fall of dictator Ben Ali

• 15

Germany – January 15, 1919 - Assassination of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht by the Freikorps under the orders of the Social Democracy allied with the Military General Staff

Rwanda – January 15, 1990 - Mass demonstration in Kigali against the dictatorship, a social and democratic revolt without any ethnic character but which will push the dictatorship (advised by Mitterrand) to put in place a massacre camouflaged under ethnicity.

• 16

Moldova - January 16, 2016 - Revolution

Peru – January 16, 2023 – Revolt in Peru

• 17

Mali – January 17, 2012 – Tuareg Rebellion

Moldova – January 17, 2016 - Revolution

• 18

Roman Empire – January 18, 532 – Emperor Justinian suppresses the Nika sedition in Constantinople

Kanaky colonized by France – January 18, 1918 – The leader of the Kanak revolt of 1917, Noël de Tiamou, who was finally beheaded.

Portugal – January 18, 1934 – Workers’ revolt in Marinha Grande against the establishment of the regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

• 19

Netherlands – January 19, 1795 – Batavian Revolution

• 20

Algeria – January 20, 1872 - The Mokrani uprising of 1871 finally ends with the capture of Bou-Mezrag.

• 21

France - January 21, 1793 - Execution of King Louis XVI by the French Revolution

Albania - January 21, 2011 - Revolt

• 22

France – January 22, 1871 – Blanquist revolutionary attempt against the government, known as the National Defense government

• 23

Nyasaland (now Malawi) – January 23, 1915 – The Chilembwe Uprising begins.

• 24

France - January 24, 1358 - Start of the revolution of Etienne Marcel

Togo - January 24, 1933 - Lomé Women’s Market Revolt

• 25

Brazil - January 25, 1835 - Revolt of the Malês or Great Revolt, revolt of the slaves of Salvador, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, starting point of the abolition of slavery in Brazil.

Italy – January 25, 1848 – Demonstrations in Naples as part of the "Spring of Nations" in Europe. King Ferdinand II promises a Constitution in a proclamation on January 29. It is promulgated on February 11, 1848.

Jordan – January 25, 2011 – “Arab Spring”

Egypt - January 25, 2011 - "Arab Spring"

• 26

France – January 26, 1789 - "Bricolage" Day : a series of pre-revolutionary clashes on January 26 and 27, 1789, in Rennes between students and nobles on the sidelines of the convening of the Estates of Brittany and a riot of water carriers and porters.

Spain – January 26, 1939 – Franco enters a crushed Barcelona victoriously. The policies of the Stalinists, socialists, and anarchists defeated the revolution and opened the door to fascism.

• 27

Finland - January 27, 1918 - Revolutionary uprising in Finland

Yemen – January 27, 2011 – Start of the Yemeni revolution

Egypt – January 27, 2011 – The revolution in Egypt gains momentum

• 28

Germany – January 28, 1918 – General strike of German workers for "the rapid conclusion of a peace without annexation," for the lifting of the state of siege (in place since the beginning of the war), for the release of political prisoners, and for the democratization of institutions.

• 29

Poland - January 29, 1883 - Appeal of Polish revolutionaries to Lithuania, and on February 5 to Podolia, Volhynia, and Little Russia following the Manifesto of January 22, 1883. Manifesto of the National Central Committee of the Reds, from which emerged the Provisional National Government (Tymczasowy Rząd Narodowy), under the leadership of Stefan Bobrowski. In this manifesto, the Central Committee promised the liberation of serfs and land to volunteers who joined the struggle.

• 30

England – January 30, 1649 - Beheading of King Charles I Stuart by the English Revolution

Corsica – January 30, 1735 - A Corsican assembly, the Consulta d’Orezza, rejects Genoa’s domination, which dates back to the Battle of La Meloria (1284). It proclaims a declaration of independence and also drafts a constitution—a first in modern history.

Germany - January 30, 1933 - Hitler’s Counter-Revolution

• 31

Portugal – January 31, 1891 - First revolutionary movement aimed at establishing a republican regime in Portugal.
FEBRUARY

• 1st

Morocco – February 1, 1923 – Proclamation of the revolutionary republic of the Rif

• 2

Syria - February 2, 1982 - Massacre by the Hama revolt power

• 3

France – February 3, 1631 – Violent anti-tax riot in Paris.

Portugal – February 3, 1927 – Revolt in Porto (lasts until February 9)

• 4

France – February 4, 1631 – Violent anti-tax riot in Paris

• 5

Mexico – February 5, 1896 – Revolution of Lauro Aguirre against the dictator Porfirio Díaz

• 6

France – February 6, 1934 – Crisis of power in France

• 7

Haiti - February 7, 1986 - Revolution overthrows dictator Bébé Doc

Haiti – February 7, 2017 – Revolt in Haiti

• 8

Italy – February 8, 1848 – Revolt in the city of Padua.

• 9

Germany – February 9, 1525 – Peasants’ War. The peasants of the Ried, above Ulm, rise up, gather in a camp backing onto the marshes near Baltringen, raise the red flag, and form the Army of Baltringen, 10,000 to 12,000 men strong, under the command of Ulrich Schmid.

Tunisia – February 9, 1912 – Anti-colonial revolt known as the “Tunisian tramways” revolt

Indochina – February 9, 1930 – Insurrections, demonstrations, strikes : an immense wave raises the youth and the peasantry against foreign domination and the power of traditional notables.

• 10

Switzerland – February 10, 1781 – Geneva Revolution of the bourgeoisie and natives against the patrician aristocracy.

Indochina – February 10, 1930 – Insurrection

• 11

Egypt – February 11, 2011 – Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak falls in the revolution

• 12

Chile - February 12, 1817 - Victory of Chilean independence against Spanish troops

• 13

England – February 13, 1689 - Proclamation of the English Declaration of Rights, which abolishes the absolute monarchy and completes the "Glorious Revolution" or Second English Revolution

• 14

Mexico – February 14, 1911 – On the return of Madero, opponent of the Diaz dictatorship, Mexican insurrection, notably that of Zapata in the state of Morelos.

Guadeloupe - February 14, 1952 - Farm workers’ revolt

• 15

Bahrain – February 15, 2011 – Revolution as part of the “Arab Spring”

• 16

Algeria – February 16, 2019 – Start of the Algerian Hirak

• 17

Türkiye – February 17, 1925 – Kurdish Rebellion

• 18

China – February 18, 1796 - "White Lotus" Rebellion in the mountains between Sichuan, Shanxi and Hubei

Ukraine - February 18, 2014 (until February 23) - Revolution and counterrevolution. Deadly clashes between protesters and state forces erupt in the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, leading to the impeachment of the elected president by parliament and a return to the 2004 constitution.

• 19

Mexico – February 19, 1913 – Fall and assassination of Madero (president supported by the Mexican Revolution) at the hands of General Huerta, leader of the counter-revolution.

• 20

Libya – February 20, 2011 – Revolution that begins the “Arab Spring”

Morocco - February 20, 2011 - Start of the "Arab Spring" revolt

• 21

USA - February 21, 1965 - Assassination of Malcolm X

• 22

France – February 22, 1358 - Stephen Marcel’s Revolution victorious in Paris

France – February 22, 1848 - Revolution in Paris

Algeria – February 22, 2019 - Mass protests in the Algerian Hirak begin

• 23

France – February 23, 1848 - Revolution in Paris

• 24

France – February 24, 1848 - Revolution in Paris

• 25

Germany – February 25, 1525 – Peasants’ War. The 7,000-strong Upper Allgäu army gathered on the banks of the Schussen River.

France – February 25, 1848 - Revolution in Paris

• 26

Japan – February 26, 1936 – Counter-revolutionary coup attempt

• 27

Germany – February 27, 1534 – Revolution in the city of Münster

• 28

Russia – February 28, 1921 – Kronstadt Uprising

• 29

China – February 29, 184 – The Yellow Turban revolutionary movement begins, lasting until 205.

Russia - February 29, 1912 - The Lena workers’ strike begins
March

• 1st

France - March 1, 1382 - Maillotins Revolt in Paris

Germany – March 1, 1848 - The Ständehaus of the Baden Parliament in Karlsruhe is occupied, beginning the "Spring of Nations" in Europe in Germany.

Russia – March 1, 1917 – Prikaze No. 1 of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies : Soldiers no longer owe obedience to the military hierarchy but to the workers’ and soldiers’ soviets

• 2

Germany – March 2, 1525 – Peasants’ War – In Upper Swabia, 30,000 to 40,000 armed peasant rebels are divided into six camps.

Cameroon - March 2, 1960 - French war against the revolution in Bamiléké country

• 3

Hungary – March 3, 1848 – The “Spring of Nations” begins in Budapest in Europe.

• 4

Italy – March 4, 1848 – As part of the “spring of peoples” in Europe, the King of Sardinia grants a constitution.

• 5

USA – March 5, 1770 – British soldiers fire on protesters in Boston, tipping Americans into revolution.

• 6

Brazil – March 6, 1817 – Pernambucan Revolution in the northeast region of Brazil. It took place in reaction to Portuguese monarchical absolutism, under the influence of Enlightenment ideas. It lasted until May 19, 1817.

• 7

Germany – March 7, 1525 – Peasants’ War.

• 8

Russia – March 8, 1917 - Revolutionary demonstration by Petrograd women which draws in workers and triggers the so-called "February Revolution."

Israel – March 8, 2023 – Revolt of the Israeli people against the far-right government

• 9

France - March 9, 2016 - Revolt against the labor law

• 10

France – March 10, 1793 – Creation of the Revolutionary Tribunal

Germany - March 10, 1919 - Assassination of revolutionary activist and leader Leo Jogiches in his prison, planned under the orders of the counter-revolutionary social democracy.

• 11

Czech Republic – March 11, 1848 – The “Spring of Nations” in Europe begins in Prague

France - March 11, 1907 - Winegrowers’ Revolt

• 12

Austria – March 12, 1848 – The “Spring of Nations” in Europe begins in Vienna.

• 13

Austria – March 13, 1848 - Revolution in Vienna

• 14

England - March 14, 1883 - Death of Karl Marx

• 15

Algeria - March 15, 1871 - Start of the Algerian Mokrani uprising

Syria – March 15, 2011 – The Syrian revolution begins, peaceful at first, then repressed, then followed by civil war and war itself.

Morocco – March 15, 2011 – Revolt as part of the “Arab Spring”

• 16

Algeria - March 16, 1871 - Algerian uprising

• 17

Italy – March 17, 1848 – As part of the “Spring of Nations” in Europe, revolution in Venice.

• 18

Prussia – March 18, 1848 - As part of the "Spring of Nations" in Europe, revolution and barricades in the streets of Berlin.

Italy – March 18, 1848 – Until March 22, revolution in Milan as part of the "Spring of Nations" in Europe.

France – March 18, 1871 - Paris Uprising and start of the Commune

• 19

Mexico – March 19, 1823 – Overthrow of Emperor Agustín de Iturbide and proclamation of the republic.

Mali - March 19, 1991 - Start of the revolution that would eventually overthrow dictator Moussa Traore

Syria – March 19, 2011 – Revolt as part of the “Arab Spring”

• 20

France – March 20, 1342 - The widespread introduction of the gabelle, a tax on salt, in France provokes popular revolts.

China – March 20, 1926 – The Canton Soviets are bloodily crushed by Cheng Kai Chek’s Kuomintang

Morocco - March 20, 2011 - Revolt in the early days of the Arab Spring

French Guiana - March 20, 2017 - Social revolt

• 21

Hungary - March 21, 1919 - Communist Revolution in Hungary

South Africa - March 21, 1960 - Sharpeville riot bloodily suppressed

Mali - March 21, 1991 - Start of the Malian revolution against dictator Moussa Traore

• 22

USA – March 22, 1765 – The "Stamp Act" (the Stamp Act, which succeeded the Sugar Act and the Currency Act, and preceded the Tea Act of May 1773, English laws systematically organized against American interests and inevitably provoking confrontation) adopted by England triggers the start of the American Revolution

Italy – March 22, 1848 – Venice proclaims itself a republic as part of the "Spring of Nations" in Europe. The republic will be proclaimed again on August 11, 1848.

Mali - March 22, 1991 - Revolt and bloody repression in Bamako.

Yemen - March 22, 2011 - Revolution in the context of the Arab Spring

• 23

France – March 23, 1871 - Revolution in Marseille and Toulouse

• 24

Mali - March 24, 1991 - Revolutionary demonstration by women in Bamako

• 25

Greece - March 25, 1821 - Revolt of the Greeks against Sultan Ali Pasha

• 26

France – March 26, 1871 - Election of the Paris Commune

Mali – March 26, 1991 - Fall of dictator Moussa Traore

• 27

Madagascar - March 27, 1947 - Start of the Malagasy revolution

• 28
Madagascar - March 27, 1947 - Malagasy Revolution

• 29

Madagascar - March 29, 1947 - Malagasy revolution and atrocious repression
(100 settlers killed and more than 100,000 Malagasy)

• 30

Sicily – March 30, 1282 – Sicilian Vespers : revolt against the feudal domination of Charles of Anjou.

• 31

Sicily – March 31, 1282 – Sicilian Vespers
April

• 1st

Germany – April 1, 1525 – Peasants’ War. An uprising breaks out throughout Franconia.

France – April 1, 1795 – The final revolutionary movement of the French Revolution : the "Hunger Days" of Prairial, Year III (April-May 1795). The demonstrators demanded bread and the implementation of the Constitution of Year I (1793).

• 2

Egypt - April 2, 2008 - Bread Revolt in Egypt

• 3

Syria - April 3, 2011 - Beginning of the violent military repression against the Syrian revolution

• 4

Macedonia - April 4, 1903 - Revolt and Civil War

Russia - April 4, 1912 - Massacre of striking Lena River workers that led to a nationwide wave of strikes and protests involving more than 300,000 people.

• 5

France – April 5, 1793 - Ever since Marat was elected president of the Jacobins, he had attacked those in power and money. On April 5, 1793, a Jacobin circular calling for insurrection and a coup d’état was published under his signature. "The counter-revolution," he declared, "is in the National Convention (...) Let us rise, yes, let us all rise ! Let us arrest all the enemies of our Revolution and all suspicious persons. Let us exterminate all conspirators without pity if we do not want to be exterminated ourselves."

• 6

USA – April 6, 1712 – Revolt of black slaves in New York

Rwanda – April 6, 1994 – Destruction of President Habyarimana’s plane by Rwandan fascist forces and French special forces, triggering the genocide

• 7

Jamaica - April 7, 1760 – Slave Revolt

France - April 7, 1803 - Death of Haitian revolutionary Toussant Louverture, imprisoned at Fort de Joux

Bavaria – April 7, 1919 - Proclamation of the Revolutionary Council Republic of Bavaria

Rwanda – April 7, 1994 – The start of the social and political counterrevolution, a fascism inspired and supported by Mitterrand’s France and disguised as ethnic massacre. The Tutsi genocide would last until July 17, 1994 !

Kyrgyzstan - April 7, 2010 - Start of the revolution

• 8

France - April 8, 1834 - Start of the second revolt of the Canuts of Lyon

• 9

France – April 9, 1834 – The second revolt of the silk workers of Lyon begins (it lasts until April 15). The insurrection spreads to various provincial towns (Arbois, Épinal, Lunéville, Châlon, Grenoble, Vienne, Clermont-Ferrand, Marseille, Toulon, etc.), notably to Saint-Étienne (April 11), then to Paris, where the authorities proceed with preventive arrests to suppress any similar movement.

Mexico – April 9, 1919 – Assassination of Emiliano Zapata, revolutionary leader of Morelos. The restitution of lands taken by the hacendas had always been his primary objective.

Bolivia – April 9, 1952 – Revolution

Italy - April 9, 1969 - Start of the workers’ revolt

• 10

Bolivia – April 10, 1952 – Revolution

• 11

Bolivia – April 11, 1952 – Revolution

• 12

Belgium – April 12, 1893 – General strike

• 13

France - April 13, 1834 - The Lyon movement (April 9) spreads to Paris

• 14

France – April 14, 1834 – Revolutionary Days and massacre on Rue Transnonain in Paris and violent repression of the Canuts of Lyon

• 15

Corsica - April 15, 1736 - Proclamation of an independent Corsican kingdom by the Assembly of Alesani as part of the Corsican revolution against the Republic of Genoa of 1729-1769.

• 16

• 17

Italy - April 17, 1797 - Veronese Easter

Cambodia - April 17, 1975 - Counter-revolutionary genocide of the Khmer Rouge

• 18

France - April 18, 1675 - Red Cap Revolt

France - April 18, 1775 - Riot in Dijon

Algeria - April 18, 2001 - Start of the Kabylie revolt (Black Spring)

• 19

Poland - April 19, 1943 - Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

• 20

Bulgaria - April 20, 1876 - Bulgarian Uprising

• 21

• 22

France – April 22, 1637 – Insurrection of the Croquants

France – April 22, 1793 – Arrest of the revolutionary Marat

Morocco – April 22, 1921 – Abdel Krim’s revolution attacks France’s colonial territories in Morocco

Armenia - April 22, 2008 - Revolution

• 23

Estonia – April 23, 1343 - St. George’s Day Peasant Revolt

• 24

France – April 24, 1793 - Acquitted by the court, Marat, crowned with laurels, is carried in triumph.

Ireland - April 24, 1916 - Start of the Irish Revolution in Dublin

• 25

China – April 25, 1644 – Beijing is besieged by the army resulting from Li Zicheng’s revolution.

Portugal – April 25, 1974 – On the night of the 24th to the 25th, the Carnation Revolution against the fascist dictatorship begins. The military coup, led by the reactionary General Spinola, former colonial governor of Guinea, diverts the explosive discontent of the Portuguese army to its own advantage, overthrows the fascist dictatorship of Marcelo Caetano, replacing it with the so-called "National Salvation" Military Junta. The soldiers’ revolt is followed by a wave of strikes.

• 26

France – April 26, 1789 - The Réveillon riot, a popular revolt that took place from April 26 to April 28, 1789, in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, began the French Revolution in Paris.

• 27

France - April 27, 1413 - Cabochiens Revolution in Paris

USA - April 27, 1763 – Pontiac’s Rebellion, Pontiac Conspiracy, or Pontiac’s War begins. It pitted the British Empire against a confederation of Native American tribes from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and the Ohio Valley between 1763 and 1766.

France – April 27, 1789 - New Year’s Eve Riot which begins the French Revolution.

• 28

France – April 28, 1789 – New Year’s Eve Riot

• 29

Germany – April 29, 1525 – The Peasants’ War breaks out in the Palatinate.

• 30

France - April 30, 1670 - Roure Revolt in the Aubenas region, in Vivarais.
May

• 1st

USA - May 1, 1886 - At a workers’ rally during a general strike for the eight-hour day, the Pinkertons, agents of the bosses, commit a massacre.

• 2

France - May 2, 1775 – Revolt called the “Flour War”

Spain – May 2, 1808 - Rebellion of the people of Madrid against the French occupation of the city, which spread throughout Spain.

• 3

Spain – May 3, 1937 – Crushing of revolutionary forces in Barcelona by the Social Democrats and Stalinists.

• 4

Spain – May 4, 1640 – Reaper’s War. In early May 1640, the peasants of Girona attacked the troops. They began a conflict across much of the Principality of Catalonia.

Spain – May 4, 1937 – Crushing of revolutionary forces in Barcelona by the Social Democrats and Stalinists.

• 5

France – May 5, 1789 - States General

Spain – May 5, 1937 – Crushing of revolutionary forces in Barcelona by the Social Democrats and Stalinists.

• 6

Ireland – May 6 - End of the Irish Revolution in Dublin

Spain – May 6, 1937 – Crushing of revolutionary forces in Barcelona by the Social Democrats and Stalinists.

• 7

Spain – May 7, 1937 – Crushing of revolutionary forces in Barcelona by the Social Democrats and Stalinists.

• 8

Spain – May 8, 1937 – Crushing of revolutionary forces in Barcelona by the Social Democrats and Stalinists.

Poland - May 8, 1943 - Crushing of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Algeria – May 8, 1945 – Crushing of the Algerian revolution in blood by French colonialism

• 9

Corsica – May 9, 1769 – Defeat of the Corsican Revolution : the Corsicans submit to France following their defeat at Ponte-Novo.

• 10

France – May 10, 1796 - Manifesto of the Conspiracy of Equals of Babeuf

India - May 10, 1857 - Sepoy Mutiny

Mexico – May 10, 1911 – Victory of the Mexican Revolution in Ciudad Juarez

• 11

Germany – May 11, 1525 – Thomas Muntzer’s peasant army (over 7,000 armed men) arrives in Frankenhausen and war takes place on the 14th and 15th. The peasants are massacred.

Hungary – May 11, 1912 - General strike and riots in Budapest

• 12

France - May 12, 1839 – Blanquist uprising in Paris which seizes the Palais de Justice, fails to take the Police Prefecture, and briefly occupies the Hôtel de Ville.

• 13

France - May 13, 1839 – Blanquist uprising

France – May 13, 1968 – Start of the general strike

• 14

Germany – May 14, 1525 – Peasants’ War in Frankenhausen

• 15

Germany – May 15, 1525 – Peasants’ War in Frankenhausen

Finland – May 15, 1918 - End of the counter-revolutionary mass slaughter (White Terror of March–May 1918) in the Finnish Civil War.

• 16

Poland - May 16, 1944 - Auschwitz Roma Revolt

• 17

Russia (Kazakhstan) - May 17, 1954 - Revolt of prisoners of Kengir Special Camp No. 3 (Gulag)

• 18

• 19

Russia (Kazakhstan) - May 19, 1954 – General strike at the Kengir camp. For a year, from June 1953 to June 1954, a wave of protest shook the "special camps" of the Gulag1 : Vorkuta, Norilsk, Tayshet, Ekibastuz, Kengir in the steppes of northern Kazakhstan were affected.

• 20

France – May 20, 1795 - Parisian uprising of 1 Prairial Year III. Led by the Jacobin sections of Paris (Faubourg Saint-Antoine and Saint-Marceau), the rioters, shouting "bread and the Constitution of Year I" (constitution of 1793), invaded the Convention on May 20, 1795.

• 21

France – May 21, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

• 22

France – May 22, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

• 23

France – May 23, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

• 24

France – May 24, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

• 25

Denmark – May 25, 1849 – Following the "Spring of Nations" in Europe, Denmark adopts a constitution establishing a constitutional monarchy and a two-chamber parliament elected by universal suffrage.

France – May 25, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

Mexico – May 25, 1911 – Fall of dictator Porfirio Diaz in the face of the Mexican Revolution

• 26

France – May 26, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

USA – May 26, 2020 – Protests erupt in the United States following the May 25 police killing of George Floyd.

• 27

Germany – May 27, 1525 – Thomas Muntzer, leader of the peasant rebellion, is beheaded in Mühlhausen, Thuringia, in front of all the region’s high nobility. For the benefit of the common people, his impaled head is displayed on the city walls.

France – May 27, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

• 28

France – May 28, 1358 – Start of the Great Jacquerie, a peasant revolt in northern France that lasted until June 10, 1358.

France – May 28, 1871 - Bloody week of the Paris Commune massacre

• 29

France – May 29, 1793 - Popular insurrection called by Robespierre and the Jacobins

Argentina – May 29, 1969 – The "Cordobazo," a popular uprising in one of the main working-class cities that led to the fall of the dictatorial government of General Juan Carlos Onganía.

• 30

England – May 30, 1381 – Great Peasants’ Revolt which lasts until November 1381.

• 31

France – May 31, 1793 – Insurrection Under the leadership of the Bishopric Committee, the May 31 insurrection followed the model of the day of August 10, 1792. Exclusion of the Girondin deputies by the bourgeois radicals under pressure from the "Enragés" following the betrayal of General Dumouriez.

India - End of May 1857 - The Sepoy Mutiny spreads to central India
June

• 1st

Transylvania – June 1, 1437 – The Wallachian, Székely, Hussite and Magyar peasant revolution against the Catholic Church and the nobility, led by a Székely, Antal Budai Nagy, supported by the urban bourgeoisie and the lesser nobility, was victorious in June 1437 but finally crushed in 1438.

France - June 1, 1637 - Revolt of the Croquants

• 2

France - June 2, 1793 – Following the events of May 31, a new insurrection broke out. On the orders of the insurrectionist committee, 80,000 citizens and members of the National Guard, led by Hanriot, surrounded the Convention, while a deputation went to the Assembly to demand the immediate arrest of the Girondin leaders.

• 3

• 4

Germany - June 4, 1844 - Silesian Weavers’ Revolt

Djibouti - June 4, 2020 - Revolt

• 5

• 6

• 7

France – June 7, 1788 – Prelude to the French Revolution : “Tiles Day” is the name given to a riot in Grenoble, during which the insurgents confronted the king’s troops with tiles.

• 8

• 9

• 10

• 11

• 12

Portugal – June 12, 1974 (until July) - Second wave of strikes of the Carnation Revolution

• 13

France June 13, 1849 – Last “revolutionary day” of the Second Republic in France and attempt to form a revolutionary government

Portugal – June 13, 1974 – Wave of strikes…

• 14

• 15

France - June 15, 1648 – Start of the Fronde, a revolution that ended in 1653

• 16

East Germany - June 16, 1953 - Workers’ revolt in Berlin

South Africa - June 16, 1976 - Soweto Uprising

• 17

England – June 17, 1497 – Crushing of the Cornish popular uprising.

East Germany - June 17, 1953 - Workers’ Revolt in Berlin

• 18

• 19

Kanaky – June 19, 1878 - Great Kanak Revolt

• 20

France – June 20, 1789 - The Third Estate revolts (Tennis Court Oath).

France – June 20, 1792 – The people invade the Tuileries Palace.

• 21

Sweden – June 21, 1434 – Popular uprising led by miners.

• 22

France – June 22, 1848 – Beginning of a proletarian insurrection in Paris following a provocation by the authorities (closure of national workshops) in order to bloodily end the revolution.

• 23

France – June 23, 1848 - Proletarian insurrection in Paris

• 24

France – June 24, 1848 - Proletarian insurrection in Paris

• 25

France - June 25, 1661 - Start of the Lustucru Revolt in Boulonnais

France – June 25, 1848 - Proletarian insurrection in Paris

• 26

France – June 26, 1848 - Proletarian insurrection in Paris

• 27

• 28

France - June 28, 1789 - The Parisian crowd fraternizes with the troops

• 29

• 30

Guatemala - June 30, 1871 – Democratic Revolution
July

• 1st

• 2

England – July 2, 1644 - Battle of Marston Moor, the first major military victory of the English Revolution in the First Civil War

Switzerland – July 2, 1782 – Crushing of the Geneva revolution by the patrician aristocracy supported by three armies : the French of Louis XVI, Sardinian and Bernese.

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USA – July 4, 1776 - American Declaration of Independence

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England - July 8, 1549 - Revolt in the Norfolk counties during the reign of Edward VI. Primarily in response to the land enclosure movement.

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France – July 13, 1793 – Assassination of the revolutionary Marat by a royalist

• 14

France - July 14, 1789 - Storming of the Bastille

Corsica - July 14, 1755 - At the cunsulta of the Sant’Antone convent of Casabianca, Pasquale de Paoli is elected (only) general of the Corsican Nation

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France – July 16, 1639 – Barefoot Jacquerie. Charles Le Poupinel, in charge of collecting taxes, is assassinated by the population of Avranches. The unrest quickly spread throughout the region, as far as Caen, Rouen, and Bayeux. The insurgent general, Jean Quetil, takes the name Jean Nu-Pied.

• 17

France - July 17, 1791 - Revolt and shooting on the Champ-de-Mars, marking the division of the revolution between the working people who want direct democracy and the bourgeoisie who do not.

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Spain – July 18, 1936 – Franco’s counter-revolutionary coup d’état triggered the response the next day : the workers’ and peasants’ revolution

• 19

Russia - July 19, 1917 - The Kornilov Putsch begins. The Soviets’ response will lead to the October Revolution.

Syria – July 19, 1925 – Syrian Revolution that lasts until 1927

Spain – July 19, 1936 – The Barcelona proletariat prevents the capitulation of the Republic to Franco’s fascism. On July 19, almost bare-handed, it victoriously storms the first barracks. The following day, at 2 p.m., it was in control of the city.

• 20

Italy – July 20, 1378 - Ciompi Uprising in Florence

France – July 20, 1789 – Great Fear : A movement of peasant revolts and uprisings that spread across France, with many castles burned and their lords assassinated, mainly from July 20, 1789, to August 6, 1789, but continued beyond that. They marked the collapse of the authority of the Ancien Régime and led to a significant emigration of the nobility from France.

Cambodia - July 20, 1942 - The Umbrella Revolt, harshly repressed by the French occupier

• 21

France – July 21, 1789 – Great Fear

Morocco – July 21, 1921 - Battle of Anoual, victory of Abdel Krim’s revolutionaries against the Spanish colonizing troops

Syria – July 21, 1925 – The war between the Syrian Druze revolution and France begins. It will last until 1927.

• 22

France - July 22, 1702 – The Camisard revolt begins in the Cévennes and Vaunage region of southern France, leading an insurrection against the persecutions that followed the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.

France – July 22, 1789 – Great Fear

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France – July 23, 1789 – Great Fear

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France – July 24, 1789 – Great Fear

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Germany – July 25, 1525 – Military crushing of the Peasants’ War. Villages are burned by counter-revolutionary troops.

France – July 25, 1789 – Great Fear

France – July 25, 1792 – Manifesto of the counter-revolution of the émigré nobility attributed to the head of the Prussian army, Charles-William-Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick

• 26

France – July 26, 1794 – Counter-revolution of Thermidor and fall of Robespierre

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France – July 27, 1830 – Revolution in Paris organized by the Commune and the revolutionary sections

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France – July 28, 1830 – Revolution in Paris

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France – July 29, 1830 – Revolution in Paris

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France – July 31, 1358 - Assassination of the bourgeois revolutionary Ettienne Marcel, who had seized power in France thanks to the war and the capture of the king by the English.
August

• 1st

Switzerland – August 1, 1291 - Representatives of three German-speaking forest cantons in the mountainous center, Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden, decide on a defensive military union against all seigniorial powers. This is the beginning of the Swiss Revolution.

• 2

• 3

• 4

France - August 4, 1789 - Abolition of feudal privileges and rights

• 5

Bangladesh - August 5, 2013 - Barricades and workers’ riots in Dhaka

• 6

Ethiopia – August 6, 2016 – Revolution in Ethiopia

• 7

• 8

USA – August 8, 1862 - The Dakota Sioux of Minnesota, who had lost nine-tenths of their lands as a result of treaties, revolt under the leadership of Little Crow.

• 9

France – August 9, 1792 - Creation of an insurrectional Paris Commune. Under the threat of external danger (the Brunswick Manifesto had just been published) and fear of betrayal by Louis XVI, 28 of the 48 most revolutionary sections formed an insurrectional Commune that replaced the legal Commune and organized the assault on the Tuileries.

• 10

Mexico - August 10, 1680 - Revolt of the Pueblo Indians in New Mexico, Mexican at the time.

France - August 10, 1792 - The Tuileries are stormed by the revolutionary people and the Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary

• 11

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• 13

France – August 13, 1870 - Revolutionary Commune of Lyon

• 14

Haiti – August 14, 1791 - In Bois-Caïman, in the northern plains, many slaves decide to revolt, under the authority of Boukman, assisted by Jean-François and Biassou. This is the beginning of the Haitian Revolution.

France – August 14, 1870 - Blanquist uprising in Paris

• 15

Netherlands - August 15, 1566 - Beggars’ Revolt

• 16

Belarus – August 16, 2020 – Following rigged elections, revolution in Belarus.

• 17

• 18

Belgium – August 18, 1789 – Revolution in Liège

• 19

Burma - August 19, 2007 - Social revolution begins in Rangoon.

• 20

• 21

USA – August 21, 1789 - American Bill of Rights

Vietnam – August 21, 1945 – Revolutionary situation in Saigon which will be crushed in blood by the Vietminh allied with French imperialism.

• 22

Haiti - August 22, 1791 - Haitian Revolution, the first victorious slave revolution. The slaves took up arms on the 22nd. They would not relinquish them.

England – August 22, 1642 - The Civil War begins in the English Revolution : King Charles I declares war on Parliament and its soldiers, whom he labels traitors.

• 23

• 24

Guinea (Conakry) - August 24 - Women’s Revolt

• 25

Netherlands and Belgium - August 25, 1830 - Belgian Revolution which ends on October 4, 1830

• 26

France - August 26, 1789 - Adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Italy – August 26, 1848 – The last Italian insurgents led by Garibaldi are defeated at the Battle of Morazzone, in Lombardy.

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September

• 1st

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Belgium - September 5, 1379 - The White Riding Hoods’ Revolt or Ghent Weavers’ Revolt breaks out in Ghent against the Count of Flanders.

• 6

USA – September 6, 1739 – Stono Rebellion : slave revolution in the colony of South Carolina.

Argentina – September 6, 1930 – Counter-revolutionary coup d’état

• 7

Iraq - September 7, 869 – Zanj Revolt, the largest slave revolt in history.

China - September 7, 1901 : End of the Boxer Rebellion

• 8

• 9

• 10

• 11

Chile – September 11, 1973 – Pinochet’s counterrevolutionary coup.

• 12

Hungary – September 12, 1848 - Uprising in Hungary

Switzerland – September 12, 1848 - Adoption of the first federal constitution

• 13

Romania – September 13, 1848 - The revolutionary uprising is put down in Bucharest by Turkish troops

• 14

• 15

• 16

Iran – September 16, 2022 – The assassination of Mahsa Amini by the Iranian religious police sparked a revolutionary wave in Iran in the days, weeks, and months that followed, not just over the religious oppression of women.

• 17

Russia - September 17, 1773 – Pugachev Revolt

• 18

• 19

• 20

France – September 20, 1792 - Victory of the revolutionary people at Valmy against the army of the nobility of France and Europe

• 21

France – September 21, 1792 - Abolition of the monarchy

• 22

France - September 22, 1870 - Delegates from the twenty arrondissements of Paris demand the Commune.

• 23

• 24

Cameroon – September 24, 1945 – Bloody crushing of the Cameroonian people’s revolt in Douala

• 25

• 26

• 27

• 28

Portugal – September 28, 1974 (night of the 27th to the 28th) – Revolutionary barricades in Lisbon. In the aftermath, General Spinola resigns and hands over power to General Costa Gomes.

Palestine - September 28, 2000 - Start of the first intifada

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October

• 1st

Iraq – October 1, 2019 – Revolution in Iraq

• 2

Algeria – October 2, 1988 – Riots. The revolt begins. It was preceded by workers’ strikes.

Ecuador – October 2, 2019 – Revolution in Ecuador

• 3

• 4

• 5

France – October 5, 1789 - Revolutionary action by the women of Paris who invade Versailles and force the king and his family to settle in Paris under the surveillance of the people.

Portugal - October 5, 1910 - Revolution that ends the constitutional monarchy and establishes a republican regime in Portugal.

• 6

France – October 6, 1789 - Revolutionary action by the women of Paris

• 7

Chile – October 7, 2019 – Revolution in Chile

• 8

• 9

• 10

China – October 10, 1911 – Start of the Chinese Revolution (it ends on February 12, 1912)

Iceland – October 10, 2008 – Pot Revolution

• 11

Jamaica – October 11, 1865 – Morant Bay Black Slave Revolt

• 12

France - October 12, 1661 – The Soule insurgents (7,000 armed men in the Basque Country) are crushed.

• 13

• 14

Poland - October 14, 1943 : A revolt breaks out at the Sobibór extermination camp

• 15

• 16

Italy – October 16, 1848 - An insurrection in Florence (Spring of Nations in Europe) imposes a democratic government led by Montanelli and Guerrazzi.

USA - October 16, 1859 – Revolutionary attack on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, launching John Brown’s abolitionist uprising, which led to the anti-slavery American Civil War between the North and the South.

• 17

Lebanon – October 17, 2019 – Revolution in Lebanon

• 18

USA – October 18, 1861 – British surrender after their defeat at the Battle of Yorktown.

Russia - October 18, 1936 - Hunger strike by Trotskyist prisoners in the Vorkuta concentration camp (Gulag)

Chile - October 18, 2019 - Revolt in Chile

• 19

• 20

Kenya - October 20, 1952 - Mau Mau Revolt which lasts until April 1954

• 21

• 22

• 23

Hungary – October 23, 1956 - Revolution of the workers’ councils against Stalinism

• 24

Ivory Coast - October 24, 2000 - Popular uprising that brings down Gueï’s military power.

• 25

Ivory Coast - October 25, 2000 - Popular uprising that brings down Gueï’s military power.

• 26

• 27

France - October 27, 2005 - Revolt in the suburbs

• 28

Burkina Faso – October 28, 2014 - Start of the popular uprising

• 29

Germany – October 29, 1918 - Start of the German Revolution (1918-1919) with the Kiel Sailors’ Uprising

Guinea - October 29, 2006 - Women’s Revolt

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November

• 1st

• 2

China - November 2, 1899 – Boxer Rebellion until September 7, 1901.

• 3

China – November 3, 1911 - Revolution in Shanghai

• 4

Peru – November 4, 1780 – Native American Revolution. José Gabriel Condorcanqui rebelled against Spanish rule, calling himself Túpac Amaru II, in honor of his ancestor, the last Inca of Vilcabamba.

• 5

• 6

• 7

Russia – November 7, 1917 - October Revolution in Petrograd

• 8

Russia – November 8, 1917 - October Revolution in Petrograd

• 9

France – November 9, 1799 - Counter-revolutionary coup d’état of 18 Brumaire, organized by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès and executed by Louis Bonaparte

Germany – November 9, 1918 - Revolution in Berlin organized by the "action committee" which included factory delegates, USPD and Spartacists

• 10

• 11

USA – November 11, 1831 - In Southampton, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after trial for leading a hundred fellow slaves into revolt. Thus ended the largest slave revolt in the United States.

• 12

Switzerland – November 12, 1918 - Social Revolution in Switzerland

• 13

• 14

• 15

Switzerland – November 15, 1315 - Three Swiss cantons unite against the troops (between 3,000 and 5,000 professional soldiers) of Duke Leopold I of Austria, Lord of Habsburg, and defeat them, definitively imposing the union of the peasant cantons against the German and Austrian nobility.

• 16

Portugal – November 16, 1975 – To denounce the betrayal of the Carnation Revolution by reformist and Stalinist forces, a demonstration of 100,000 people organized by the Secretariat of the Workers’ Commissions of the Lisbon Workers’ Belt.

• 17

France – November 17, 2018 - Yellow Vest movement across the country

• 18

• 19

• 20

Mexico – November 20, 1910 – The Mexican Revolution begins. It lasts until… May 21, 1920 !

• 21

France – November 21, 1831 – The first canut revolt begins in Lyon. It lasts until December 3.

Ukraine - November 21, 2013 – Revolution in kyiv (but also counter-revolution within the revolution)

• 22

France - November 22, 1831 - The Canuts’ revolt spreads to the entire city of Lyon

• 23

• 24

France - November 24, 1831 - The Canuts form a provisional government in Lyon

Italy – November 24, 1848 – The Spring of Nations in Europe imposes democracy on Rome with a constituent assembly. The Pope flees Rome.

Kyrgyzstan – November 24, 2010 – Revolution overthrows President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.

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• 28

France – November 28, 1793 - Highest peak of the proletarian revolutionary struggle (bare arms) within the French Revolution

USA – October 28, 1768 – New Orleans Revolt

• 29

USA – October 29, 1768 – New Orleans Revolt

Poland – November 29 – Beginning of the uprising against Tsar Nicholas I, King of Poland

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December

• 1st

• 2

France – December 2, 1851 – Counter-revolutionary coup d’état (final crushing of the 1848 revolution) by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. The main Republican resistance was seen in the Southeast, as well as in a few departments in the Southwest and Center (Clamecy, Mirande, Bédarieux, Le Donjon, Millau). On December 5, the insurrection broke out in the Southeast : Aups, Les Mées, Apt, Digne, Manosque, Barcelonnette, etc. In Digne, the garrison capitulated on December 7, and the Republicans took control of the prefecture, the only one in France to fall into Republican hands. The city was retaken on December 13.

USA - December 2, 1859 – John Brown, anti-slavery revolutionary, is tried in Charleston for murder and treason against the State of Virginia ; sentenced to death, he is executed by hanging.

• 3

• 4

France - December 4, 1851 - Beginning of the uprising in the south of France against the coup d’état of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte

• 5

Italy - December 5, 1746 - The Revolt in Genoa in the Portoria district was an insurrection that took place during the War of the Austrian Succession.

• 6

Greece – December 6, 2008 – Riots begin in Greece

• 7

Corsica – December 7, 1738 (the battle lasted until December 14) - First victory of the Corsican Revolution at Borgo, against French troops.

Russia - December 7, 1905 - Moscow Uprising

• 8

• 9

Palestine - December 9, 1987 - Start of the second intifada

• 10

• 11

Japan – December 11, 1637 – The Shimabara Rebellion, a major peasant revolt.

• 12

• 13

Niger - December 13, 1916 - Tuareg revolt until March 3, 1917

• 14

Russia - December 14, 1825 - Attempt to overthrow Tsarism

• 15

• 16

England – December 16, 1653 - Cromwell, head of state, becomes Lord Protector of the United Kingdom of England, Ireland and Scotland

USA – December 16, 1773 - "Boston Tea Party", American colonists disguised as Native Americans threw more than 300 crates of English tea over the docks.

• 17

Tunisia – December 17, 2010 – Start of the Tunisian revolution which kicks off the Arab Spring

• 18

• 19

• 20

• 21

• 22

• 23

• 24

• 25

France – December 25, 1620 – Huguenot revolutionary general assembly in La Rochelle, beginning of the Huguenot rebellions, also called the Wars of M. de Rohan.

Chile - December 25, 1553 - The Araucanians appoint Caupolicán as their leader and attack the fort of Tucapel. The city of Valdivia resists his offensive, but Concepción is forced to capitulate after the Battle of Marihueñu (February 26). Caupolicán, leader of the Araucanians, is captured and executed while attempting to take Cañete. Indigenous resistance to Spanish rule in Chile continues.

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• 27

Corsica – December 27, 1729 - Beginnings of the Corsican Revolution against the domination of Genoa in a village in Boziu called Bustanicu.

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Chronology of revolts, revolutions and counter-revolutions in the world

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