Introduction
Part I: The Oriental World
We have to begin with the Oriental World, but not before the period in which we discover States in it. The diffusion of Language and the formation of races lie beyond the limits of History. History is prose, and myths fall short of History. The consciousness of external definite existence only arises in connection with the power to form abstract distinctions and assign abstract predicates; and in proportion as a capacity for expressing Laws (of (...)
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Hegel’s Philosophy of History - Part I
11 December 2021 -
Readings Upon Dialectics
22 February 2018Readings Upon Dialectics
“The whole world, natural, historical, intellectual, is represented as a process – i.e., as in constant motion, change, transformation, development; and the attempt is made to trace out the internal connection that makes a continuous whole of all this movement and development.”
Engels, Socialism: Utopian & Scientific
"It is an eternal cycle in which matter moves, a cycle that certainly only completes its orbit in periods of time for which our terrestrial (...) -
Les paradoxes qui ont révolutionné notre compréhension du monde
22 avril 2011, par Robert Paris, Tiekoura Levi HamedQUEL EST LE PREMIER DE L’OEUF OU DE LA POULE ?
COMBIEN DE GRAINS POUR FAIRE UN TAS ?
ACHILLE DÉPASSERA-T-IL LA TORTUE ?
PEUT-ON ALLER VERS LE PASSÉ ?
LE MENTEUR PEUT-IL DIRE LA VÉRITÉ ?
CE QUI EST VIDE EXISTE-T-IL ?
L’UNIVERS EST-IL FINI OU INFINI ?
LE CHAT DE SCHRODINGER EST-IL MORT OU VIVANT ?
LUMIÈRE ET MATIÈRE SONT DES ONDES OU DES CORPUSCULES ?
LA SCIENCE EST-ELLE ENCORE VIVANTE DONC CONTRADICTOIRE ?
LA LOGIQUE DE NON-CONTRADICTION PEUT-ELLE ÊTRE CONTREDITE PAR LA (...) -
Dialectical Materialism and the Fate of Humanity
4 December 2021C.L.R. James 1947
Dialectical Materialism and the Fate of Humanity
Mankind has obviously reached the end of something. The crisis is absolute. Bourgeois civilisation is falling apart, and even while it collapses, devotes its main energies to the preparation of further holocausts. Not remote states on the periphery but regimes contending for world power achieve the most advanced stages of barbarism known to history. What civilised states have ever approached Nazi Germany and Stalinist (...) -
BACON – HEGEL’S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
7 December 2021BACON – HEGEL’S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
There was already being accomplished the abandonment of the content which lies beyond us, and which through its form has lost the merit it possessed of being true, and is become of no significance to self-consciousness or the certainty of self and of its actuality; this we see for the first time consciously expressed, though not as yet in a very perfect form, by Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans. He is therefore instanced as in the (...) -
Critical Battle Against French Materialism
23 March 2022, by Robert ParisCritical Battle Against French Materialism
Karl Marx, The Holy Family
“Spinozism dominated the eighteenth century both in its later French variety, which made matter into substance, and in deism, which conferred on matter a more spiritual name.... Spinoza’s French school and the supporters of deism were but two sects disputing over the true meaning of his system.... The simple fate of this Enlightenment was its decline in romanticism after being obliged to surrender to the reaction (...) -
Hegel’s Philosophy of History - Introduction
3 December 2021Philosophy of History
Introduction
Geographical Basis of History.
Contrasted with the universality of the moral Whole and with the unity of that individuality which is its active principle, the natural connection that helps to produce the Spirit of a People, appears an extrinsic element; but inasmuch as we must regard it as the ground on which that Spirit plays its part, it is an essential and necessary basis. We began with the assertion that, in the History of the World, the Idea (...) -
Karl Marx, Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
21 January 2022Karl Marx - Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
Introduction
For Germany, the criticism of religion has been essentially completed, and the criticism of religion is the prerequisite of all criticism.
The profane existence of error is compromised as soon as its heavenly oratio pro aris et focis [“speech for the altars and hearths,” i.e., for God and country] has been refuted. Man, who has found only the reflection of himself in the fantastic reality of heaven, where he sought a (...) -
Hegel’s Philosophy of History - Part III
12 December 2021Part III: The Roman World
Napoleon, in a conversation which he once had with Goethe on the nature of Tragedy, expressed the opinion that its modern phase differed from the ancient, through our no longer recognizing a Destiny to which men are absolutely subject, and that Policy occupies the place of the ancient Fate [La politique est fatalité]. This therefore he thought must be used as the modern form of Destiny in Tragedy – the irresistible power of circumstances to which individuality (...) -
Platon et Socrate : quelles différences et divergences personnelles, philosophiques, politiques et sociales
14 mai 2021, par Robert Paris, Tiekoura Levi HamedPlaton et Socrate : quelles différences et divergences personnelles, philosophiques, politiques et sociales
Platon se cache souvent derrière Socrate pour diffuser ses propres thèses et il n’est pas facile de distinguer, sachant que Socrate n’a jamais rien voulu écrire. Tous deux semblent se réclamer de la dialectique, de la maïeutique, du raisonnement, d’un idéal de la connaissance scientifique (la recherche de la vérité), d’un idéal du comportement humain (la recherche du bonheur par la (...)